> Finality in blockchain systems refers to the point at which a transaction is considered irreversible and permanently part of the blockchain. This concept is crucial for ensuring transaction security and reliability. ##### On Ethereum: Finality is typically achieved after 2 [epochs](https://info.etherscan.com/epoch-in-ethereum/), which translates to approximately 13 minutes under normal network conditions. This duration allows for sufficient block confirmations to prevent reversals and ensure that transactions are settled securely. ##### On ZKsync Era: As a Layer 2 (L2) rollup, ties its finality and security mechanisms to those of the underlying Layer 1 (L1) Ethereum chain. The steps involved in reaching finality in ZKsync Era include: 1. **Batch Formation**: Transactions are collected and grouped into a batch. This step generally takes a few minutes. 2. **Batch Commitment**: The complete batch is committed to the Ethereum blockchain. 3. **Proof Generation**: A cryptographic proof that validates the entire batch is generated. This process typically takes about an hour. 4. **Proof Submission**: The generated proof is submitted to an Ethereum smart contract for verification. 5. **Batch Finalization**: The batch undergoes a final verification and is settled on Ethereum. This step includes a delay of approximately 21 hours as a security measure during the alpha phase of ZKsync Era. Overall, the complete finality time for a transaction on ZKsync Era is around 24 hours, aligning with the finality of the corresponding Ethereum block.